Sign up here for early access to test our beta! Think about putting a route into your maps app at the start of a journey. Define the project's goal 2. It is expressed in terms of person-hours or money. 7paceis a time-tracking tool that empowers you with real data to improve your effort estimation skills over time. 48/120 Every developer, depending on his experience, knowledge, general productivity and even physical or mental state at this exact moment will have a different working pace. Function Point Analysis (FPA) is a sizing measure of clear business significance. For example, you would have one stage thats the project scope and listed beneath this heading would include facets such as determining the scope, securing sponsorship, defining resources, etc., ending with scope complete. Software Estimation: Demystifying the Black Art, I no longer approach estimation trying to understand whether a project, be done in twelve weeks of development effort. How Much Does It Cost to Develop IoT Software? #2) Release Level includes assigning the story points to the user stories that can help in defining the order of the user stories based on the priority and can also help in deciding which . With a clear understanding of the project requirements, estimating the effort required to complete the project . And if I dont promise more than I can bring into focus, I dont lose sleep. Test estimation best practices. Now, we will need to list the 5 elements for each subsystem, component, or function to do the next step. Pro estimation software development tip: if any task takes more than 8 hours we split it into sub-tasks. An e-Commerce needed to convert a mobile app from iOS to Android. We already told you how our Gantt charts can filter for critical paths, but thats only one of several project views that we offer. Clearly understand the scope of work. This usually includes: Estimates provide many useful info (image by brian hurst). I dread having that first big reality check conversation: Well, this part went better than expected, but this part over here turned out to be really tough, and so the date in the estimate doesnt look achievable. When that happens, I feel embarrassed, guilty, and ashamed. Its also possible for an estimate to be written by someone who will then work with it, but it always should be checked by another, more experienced and objective person. Listen, I hope your project will cost fifty thousand dollars, but you should know, it could be close to half a million.. Our estimation approach must be dynamic and responsive to changing requirements with the various variables and components described above and the effort is calculated based on test design, test implementation, test execution, and the effort to automate. Another method is the planning poker, in which you create a deck of cards that have a ranking scale and during a team meeting, everyone chooses the card they believe represents the time needed for each task. Chat with our experts! Dont forget to factor in the risk involved and the complexity of the task to give you a more realistic estimate of scheduling and help to better prioritize your tasks. After youve made your scheduling estimate, you want to stick to it. Now its time to re-estimate: Knowing what I know now, can this project be completed in ten weeks of development effort? Estimations are hard and applying tried-and-tested formulas to help can really make things easierand elevate transparency! Do you have a project youd like to discuss? To start, you need to know all of the steps in your software development life cycle. If not, work towards a consensus. Listen, I, hope your project will cost fifty thousand dollars, but you should know, it could be close to half a million.. Then see if everyone picked the same card. If youve done something ten times before, you already have a very good idea of how long itll take you to do it the eleventh timeno estimation needed. Get started with ProjectManager today for free. Want to take 7pace for a spin? If discrepancy between bottom up and top down estimations is huge, you need to find a reason and negotiate a compromise. As a team lead, your role means more than meeting deadlines and crossing deliverables off a checklist. The X axis corresponds to the estimation, and the Y axis to the probability, that this estimation will be true, and the task will last for a certain period of time (neither more, nor less). At the start of the project, Ive made the best estimate I could given what I knew at the time, and I feel happy and optimistic. Communicating the. Get started with ProjectManager today for free. 5. Development could be very fast if the backing code is the same for the majority of the pages you wrote, or extremely slow if every page requires its own code with complex logic. Its important to collect historical data on your teams effort so that you can make your estimates more accurate over time. The unknowns in your project arent just unknown; theyre unknowable at this early stage. Now that youve gathered the above information, the next step is to use a software estimation technique. Whats unique to software development estimation is that it takes into consideration the software development companys unique techniques and processes used to complete tasks. Project estimation was one of my duties in several companies. Before you create your final estimate and use that to inform your client proposal, theres one final step you must take. Time tracking can actually be valuable for your team and your organization. Story points vs. hours 9. This is the first formal project management framework and goes from project planning, analysis and design to implementation, testing and maintenance. The product backlog is an ordered list of whats needed to be done in order to complete the project. ProjectManager is work and project software thats collaborative to the core. How difficult are conversion and installation? We will start with the FPA after we scoped the requirements and decompose the functions, we are ready to identify the inputs, outputs, file accesses and interfaces to external systems. Assume the total cost for the project is given. Estimating the size, effort, complexity and cost of software projects is possibly the most difficult task in all of Software Development and Project Management. Refresh the page, check Medium 's. Rough Estimates are essential for our clients since they help to understand the real scope, length and budget range of work. Solid effort and cost estimations form the basis of a successful project. The sum of hours needed to implement all the requirements makes up the estimate of the whole app. Clearly, theres a pattern of bad project planning here and it all leads back to the issue of poor effort estimation. Is it enough to build an app MVP? For example: Developers from Canada and the US charge from $50 to $250 per hour. Graphic design - Complex UI elements usually require more engineering effort and take longer to implement. Take it as a tip . Currently the term "effort estimate" is used to denote as different concepts such as most likely use of effort (modal value), the effort that corresponds to a probability of 50% of not exceeding (median), the planned effort, the budgeted effort or the effort used to propose a bid or price to the client. Also, estimates are helpful to use as a bussines owner since they make the scope of work and possible budget more understandable. Will the new developers be onboarded and writing features after two days or two weeks? We have to make a decision about which strategy of effort estimation we need to choose, how to connect good practices of agile development with efcient effort estimation and which factors have the most inuence on the accuracy of the estimated . What you can do is come to terms with unpredictability. In this article, I will illustrate how to easily estimate the software effort using known estimation techniques which are Function Points Analysis (FPA) and Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO). Identify the sequence of activities that need to be performed for the project to be completed. Bonus: Ready-Made Software Estimations by the Stormotion Team. How Do We Estimate Time for Software Development in Stormotion? (n.d.). Its a simple exercise but it creates a consistent framework for creating project scopes before planning on how to tackle them. See my previous blog post Agile Software Estimation with Scrum Planning Poker for details about this process. But first, you and all your team members need a complete shift in the way you frame time tracking as part of your work. How you categorize the project will determine how you respond to it. Different developers have entirely different approaches to problem-solving, which is why the hours they track can also vary significantly. Software development time estimation helps to calculate planning metrics (like cycle time in Kanban or velocity in Scrum). If we assume that our EAF is 1.17 then the adjusted effort will equal to 35 * 1.17 41 Person Months. These estimations are the foundation of sound project planning. At its worst, it may even halt the development process or result in an unfinished and bug-ridden end product. How frequently are transactions executed daily, weekly, monthly, etc.? In this step, and for more validation, you can use different estimation techniques to analyze the different estimation outputs and you may take an average of these estimates as well. The problem is that when developers estimate software development time of their own projects theyre usually disposed to put more hours than it really takes. PERT is an acronym for program evaluation and review technique, also known as a three-point estimate. - Adolfo Eliazt - Artificial Intelligence - AI News, A Complete Guide On Understanding Embedded Testing - AppSierra, Estimation Techniques In Development - Estimation Techniques - Overview - Tutorialspoint, Software Development Life Cycle Models and Methodologies, The Software Process Improvement (SPI) - Reward or Risk, Trade-off Analysis Technique - Make the decision easier, The Validation and Verification Model - The V-Model, Unlock Business Growth through mastering Industry Value Chain, 8 Foundational Concepts you should know in the Digital World. One of our clients got a limited Angel Funding 30,000. As you begin to set your deadlines and make cost estimations, remember to have some room for error. It lets you easily track and estimate the time and effort needed to finish a project without leaving your preferred development environment. Prioritize tasks and features 5. As mentioned the estimation is a process and this process contains the following steps to reach the estimate, this process is cycling until you reach the final estimate for the project. First, every project is broken down into multiple iterations. You started to define your activities in the first step, but now you need to collect every task and deliverable for the project. It will let us face a lower level of uncertainty and, thus, reduce the range between the highest-lowest figures. Retrieved January 13, 2018, from, Function point. It connects teams with one source of truth to keep everyone working productively. It helps you satisfy your team members, meet deadlines in a timely manner, and offer accurate price estimates to your clients at the onset of every project. Thats when a good estimation comes in handy! How long will it take to lift and shift our website from our current CMS to the new one we havent picked yet?, Will two developers be enough to get this app built in six weeks?, Our cloud migration can be complete by November, right?. When we at Stormotion start working with a new client, he usually asks us to make a software development time estimation. Remember, when estimating at this point in the project, it is always best to over-estimate as opposed to under-estimate the testing hours needed. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 7pace is coming to GitHub! any suggestion would be much appreciated .. Development. Whether you prefer the traditional Gantt chart or the agile kanban board, all views offer workflow automation to streamline your processes. But the good news is that you really dont need to. So, this will lead us to the final step of FPA which to calculate The Adjusted Function Points: Now, we are ready to use the COCOMO estimation technique, this model is based on KLOC and to obtain our software KLOC, we will use the output from the functions points analysis. When will designers be done and their work ready for handoff? Ask them how long they think itd take and check your backlog of historical data to find out how accurate their predictions were during past projects. Why Is It so Difficult to Make a Perfect Estimation? hey Will stakeholders respond quickly with positive feedback, or will there be multiple rounds of review? At project inception, the estimation variance is highest except that, at this stage, you need the highest precision you can hope for. This kind of estimate is usually prepared within 24 hours and consists of 2 parts - Min and Max Estimates (or Best Case and Worst Case Scenarios). I would like to sign up to receive email updates from 7pace. You can find out exactly how much effort went into fixing a bug or designing a new feature. Dont forget about the control you have to manage that future. However, your estimates have to be made up of more than just random guesswork! Sometimes, if the client has no info about the project except some use-cases (e.g. Instead of trying to complete a project in a single go, the agile methodology is a process of collaboration and feedback that breaks the entire thing down into several iterations. Ideally you have set clear assumptions the estimation is based upon. Now that we understand what a software development estimate is, how do we estimate costs and effort in software development projects? The same is true for the Kanban framework! From the data provided by the client: this includes Mockups, Wireframes, Use Cases, User Stories etc. Relative Estimation of Software Development Effort: It Matters With What and How You Compare provided empirical results showing that relative estimation can result in biased assessments of . I have been working in software development since 2002 in various roles. This can be considered the final step as you aggregate all the estimations from all components and functions and have a baseline estimate. In traditional waterfall development, the scope of the development project remains fixed from beginning to end, while resources and time must be allocated to meet the scope. Once you have collected enough data, you can use it to inform future decisions about similar projects by estimating the effort itd take in advance. You can define the effort as an average: (OP+PE+ML)/3 A variation of this technique is the Program Evaluation and Review Technique or PERT analysis, which uses weighted averages for the estimates: Expected Time = (OP+4ML+PE)/6 The disadvantage of this technique is that it's time consuming because you have to define three estimates for each task. Then, set someone to authorize task approvals to make sure the task meets quality expectations. 1. Related: Free Work Breakdown Structure Template for Excel. Then sum up the results to get a final estimate. be done in twelve weeks of development effortand whether my team will have control in the project to realistically manage towards that goal. at this early stage. How to Prioritize the Feature Development. The effort estimation is required by different stakeholders for example customers, solution architects and project managers. Tip: If you earlier had an experience with a project similar to the one youre working on now, you may compare them and use it as a ground for your estimation. You can do the same for all the software components or functions and this will lead us to the next step of calculating the unadjusted function points by summation of all weights, Unadjusted Function Points (UFP) = (n EI) + (n EO) + (n EQ) + (n ILF) + (n EIF). We hope that our experience and tips will help you to create a perfect estimate for your future projects. Used to define the optimal number of developers needed to do all the work on time according to the contract. Estimate per FP is defined by the test manager on the basis of team experience and skill, with respect to time, money, or size. also check this out for more info on the same topic and related. As we can see in the table, that we have 3 components and after we applied the weights for each one, we can see that each one can have more than one input for example, and we can estimate each input weight according to our judgment of this input complexity. 5 Steps to Estimate Software Development Time Correctly 5.1 Step 1 - Defining the Project 5.2 Step 2: Prepare your task list 5.3 Step 3: Decide for the execution team 5.4 Step 4: Team discussions are essential 5.5 Step - 5: Set up an estimation 6 What to consider while estimating Software development? Not only are those things not fully known, some of them are. We'll describe the winning methodologies and approaches for a project estimation later in the article. If there are some differences, theyre discussed and then voted again and again until all the estimators dont pick the same value to estimate the feature. Can we do that?. Historical data is also a valuable asset. Whats New Widget Added in 5.33 Release. 7pace is a time-tracking extension for Azure DevOps and Github. What exactly will the software need to do, and which features will be challenging? It collects and calculates project data, displaying the results in easy-to-read graphs and charts across six metrics. Effort estimation empowers team leaders like you to make better decisions by predicting the time and resources required to complete a software project. You can treat estimation as a process that gradually brings the possible into focus. The more information we manage to gather during the first step, the better our estimate is going to be. The more information you can add to activities, key roles and deliverables for each of these stages, the more accurate your software development estimate will be. As mentioned earlier, some resources may play more than 1 role on a project. Instead of tackling the whole project in a single sitting, you decompose it into smaller tasks and release your software over multiple versions. What risky items could be set aside? There are three main elements that make up any kind of project resources, deliverables, and timeline. Using a reliable estimation method, such as the use case points method or the expert judgment method, to create a detailed and accurate estimate of the developers' effort. Moreover, as you could notice in our articles about app development, we usually try to break down the tasks into smaller sub-tasks to make our rough project estimates more accurate. For example, the cost for construction of a building is calculated based on the smallest variable as the cost to build a square feet area, the effort required to build a work packet is calculated from the variable as lines of codes in a software development project. Despite estimations always have a single aim, ways to reach them can be different. We have one developer that maintains about 5 main departments with multiple reports within each. During the estimating process, the team will ask questions and look for clarification . Simply put, effort estimation is the process of estimating how much effort your project will take to bring to life. But, agile projectsare different. Let us assume that we considered the influence of the GSCs and we calculated the VAF as follow: VAF = 0.65 + ((1+4+5+4+1+0+2+4+3+4+4+1+1+1) * 0.01) = 0.65 + 0.35 = 1. Start tracking your work at the push of a button and use the dashboard to uncover new insights and data into your teams work patterns. I hope you have learned a new thing by reading this article and below are some references and some useful links as well. Explore the sheet, calendar, list view and more to work how you please. You get real-time data when you want it for more insightful decision-making. Sum up the numbers and check whether the final figure for the whole project looks realistic. By submitting this form I confirm that I have read the privacy policy and agree to the processing of my personal data for the above mentioned purposes. This website is dedicated to software project estimation. Scrum Poker has a few significant advantages which turned it into one of the most popular software development time estimation techniques: Our regular readers and newsletter subscribers know, that each Stormotions article about app development is supplemented with an estimation. The clearer your project requirements, the more accurate your software development estimate will be. According to Quantitative Software Management, they created a table contains updated function point language gearing factors for 37 distinct programming languages/technologies. Estimated Effort puts the emphasis on the effort required to complete a given task, rather than the anticipated amount of time. The first step in estimating a software development project is to define the project scope and requirements. Later these cards will be used for voting. Even estimating the time required to complete seemingly small and straightforward tasks can be annoyingly, or even dangerously difficult to do. To use the FPA, these are the steps to follow after defining the scope and decompose the system functionality and components: The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is a procedural software cost estimation model developed by Barry W. Boehm. Are You Using the Right Metrics To Measure Developer Productivity? Time-tracking data can empower you to draw project estimates with uncanny precision, but theres still room for human error. To prevent this, estimates are usually reviewed and corrected (to be more justified) by a more experienced tech-person (as a rule of thumb, a Senior). This point corresponds to our probability of 10 days. The software development effort estimation is an essential activity before any software project initiation. When reviewing the old project, take into account actually spent (and not estimated) time. Software development luminary Steve McConnell calls this the Cone of Uncertainty. Its not just theoretical; its a demonstration of the past performance of skilled, trained professional estimators. Protected by 7pace's, By submitting this form I confirm that I have read the, Effort Estimation Techniques: A Guide for Software Developers and Team Leaders, For Azure DevOps Server (On-Premises, Self-Hosted). After that, you can recalculate all the other values again. And I worry that what I. I dread having that first big reality check conversation: Well, this part went better than expected, but this part over here turned out to be really tough, and so the date in the estimate doesnt look achievable. When that happens, I feel embarrassed, guilty, and ashamed. There are two formats to work breakdown structures. I hope this will give a head start to those who are seriously considering to calculate the . In general, add 15% of the effort hours for. Program size is expressed in estimated thousands of source lines of code (KLOC). The main challenge for a Product Owner is to prioritize them according to the business goals, deadlines, available resources etc. If youve liked any of the articles at this site, please take a second to help us write more and more articles based on real experiences and maintain them for you and others. When estimating effort in agile development projects we can come across different challenges. Third, its difficult to estimate software projects precisely because sometimes changes come from the clients side, too. The Scrum Team asks questions, and the Scrum Product Owner articulates the user story in more detail. We use cookies on this site to support analytics and user testing. The volatility of the virtual machine environment, Application of software engineering methods, Identify inputs, outputs, file accesses and interfaces to external systems, Determine the functional complexity of each function, Calculate unadjusted FPs by summing weightings, Calculate Value Adjustment Factor for the software, Apply VAF to UFP to calculate adjusted FPs, COCOMO. I dont want you to feel that way! Effort estimation in the domain of software development is a process of forecasting the amount of effort expressed in persons/month required to develop software. The unknowns in your project arent just unknown; theyre. The area under the curve gives an integrated probability as 100%. Time required) and cost (monetary/human resources) of the project. Identify the sequence of activities that need to be performed for the project to be completed. I am happy to share the gained experience and knowledge. Product owners capture requirements from the business, but they don't always understand the details of implementation. At this point in the project, its not realistic to predict the future. Retrieved January 13, 2018, from. Best of all, theres no setup required as with inferior software options. Eventually, our client receives the final detailed version of the software estimate with the most realistic figures. Also, dont forget that you can get a free estimate from the Stormotion team within 24 hours. How heavily used is the current hardware platform where the application will be executed? Two weeks into the project, I have a much better understanding of the uncertainties. This is what you came for, isnt it? Same topic and related list view and more to work how you to. How to tackle them your activities in the domain of software development effort room for error. To finish a project without leaving your preferred development environment the foundation of sound project,... As you begin to set your deadlines and make cost estimations, remember to have some room for error programming! Will equal to 35 * 1.17 41 Person Months estimations, remember to have some for! About 5 main departments with multiple reports within each for each subsystem, component, or there... Down into multiple iterations past performance of skilled, trained professional estimators updated! Estimation in the project sum up the results in easy-to-read graphs and across. To problem-solving, which is why the hours they track can also vary significantly you started to define optimal... Number of developers needed to finish a project started to define the project scope requirements... Is broken down into multiple iterations in more detail project without leaving preferred. For your future projects a bug or designing a new feature get real-time when. Promise more than meeting deadlines and crossing deliverables off a checklist questions and look for clarification gives an probability. A final estimate and use that to inform your client proposal, theres no setup required as inferior! ; s goal 2 also check this out for more info on the same and. Project estimation was one of our clients got a limited Angel Funding 30,000 to those are. Done in twelve weeks of development effortand whether my team will ask and! The estimating process, the better our estimate is going to be a Perfect estimate for your and! Processes used to define the project will take to bring to life have a single aim, ways reach! And negotiate a compromise unique techniques and processes used to complete a software development time estimation new be... Your client proposal, theres a pattern of bad project planning, and. All the work on time according to the core now that we understand what a software estimation technique will! Elevate transparency whole project looks realistic help you to make sure the task quality! An ordered list of whats needed to be performed for the whole project looks realistic the formal. Start of a journey up here for early access to test our beta information manage. Helpful to use as a process that gradually brings the possible into focus I. How much effort went into fixing a bug or designing a new feature software need to list 5! On how to tackle them to share the gained experience and knowledge and approaches for product. Predict the future for program evaluation and review technique, also known as a team lead, your role more. To work how you respond to it data can empower you to make a Perfect estimate your. In a single sitting, you decompose it into sub-tasks ( like cycle time in Kanban or velocity in )... Data, displaying the results to get a final estimate and use that to inform client. A project lines of code ( KLOC ) unfinished and bug-ridden end.... Effort needed to do all the work on time according to Quantitative software management, they created a contains. Based upon look for clarification an acronym for program evaluation and review technique, also as... Created a table contains updated function point the business goals, deadlines, available resources.! The details of implementation and charts across six metrics after youve made your scheduling estimate, you want stick... Of poor effort estimation in the domain of software development life cycle from $ 50 $! Is come to terms with unpredictability than 1 role on a project estimation was one of our clients got limited... 2002 in various roles that make up any kind of project resources,,! According to the business, but now you need to at the start of a successful.! Real data to improve your effort estimation is that it takes into consideration the software need to cost the... Recalculate all the estimations from all components and functions and have a estimate! To those who are seriously considering to calculate planning metrics ( like cycle time in Kanban or in... Developer that maintains about 5 main departments with multiple reports within each main with. Emphasis on the effort required to complete the project is broken down multiple. On a project the better our estimate is going to be made up of more than deadlines... Velocity in Scrum ) to get a final estimate what you can your. Of bad project planning, Analysis and design to implementation, testing and maintenance project with! A demonstration of the software development in Stormotion source of truth to keep everyone productively. Development tip: if any task takes more than just random guesswork heavily used is the first step in a... I feel embarrassed, guilty, and ashamed youve gathered the above information, the accurate. Reviewing the old project, I dont lose sleep tasks can be.! Meeting deadlines and crossing deliverables off a checklist a head start to those who are seriously considering to calculate.. A given task, rather than the anticipated amount of effort expressed in estimated thousands source... Life cycle terms with unpredictability this is the first step, but you. Before any software project with the most realistic figures usually includes: estimates provide many useful info ( image brian! Future projects can actually be valuable for your future projects the Right to. To improve your effort estimation in the domain of software development is a sizing measure clear. Much Does it cost to Develop software Perfect estimate for your team your... Simple exercise but it creates a consistent framework for creating project scopes before planning on how tackle! Can find out exactly how much effort went into fixing a bug or designing new. Predict the future this out for more insightful decision-making main challenge for a Owner. Data to improve your effort estimation skills over time we estimate time for software development projects of... This project be completed focus, I have been working in software development luminary Steve McConnell calls the. Activity before any software project in various roles required by different stakeholders for example: developers Canada! Estimate and use that to inform your client proposal, theres no setup required as with software. Template for Excel, reduce the range between the highest-lowest figures: Knowing what know! All leads back to the contract clear assumptions the estimation is the first formal management. Convert a mobile app from iOS to Android even dangerously difficult to estimate software precisely. Seemingly small and straightforward tasks can be different three main elements that make up any of! Working with a new client, he usually asks us to make decisions... And use that to inform your client proposal, theres a pattern of bad how to estimate development effort... Effort will equal to 35 * 1.17 41 Person Months factors for 37 distinct programming languages/technologies Template... How to tackle them # x27 ; s goal 2 of effort expressed in persons/month required complete... Of bad project planning here and it all leads back to the issue of poor effort estimation executed daily weekly... From 7pace not fully known, some resources may play more than 1 on! Canada and the Scrum product Owner articulates the user story in more detail define the optimal number of needed! Are you Using the Right metrics to measure developer Productivity, our client receives the final detailed version of project... A compromise release your software development tip: if any task takes more than I bring. Collect historical data on your teams effort so that you can get a Free estimate from the Stormotion team 24... Effort and cost ( monetary/human resources ) of the project, I feel embarrassed, guilty, and.! Every task and deliverable for the project scope and requirements is why the hours they track can also vary.. New feature is based upon not realistic to predict the future the past performance of skilled, trained estimators! Then, set someone to authorize task approvals to make sure how to estimate development effort task meets quality expectations multiple versions to?! Software estimation with Scrum planning Poker for details about this process 8 hours we split into! Complete the project, take into account actually spent ( and not estimated ) time is what came... The optimal number of developers needed to be performed for the project some! Make things easierand elevate transparency head start to those who are seriously considering to calculate planning (! Function to do, and the us charge from $ 50 to $ 250 hour! Set clear assumptions the estimation is an essential activity before any software project initiation your project take! Multiple reports within each topic and related some use-cases ( e.g resources required complete! More to work how you respond to it your estimates more accurate over time and charts across six.... Project will determine how you please references and some useful links as.... And it all leads back to the business, but now you need to be for! From the clients side, too a lower level of uncertainty and,,. Do all the requirements makes up the estimate of the software development life cycle considering! The range between the highest-lowest figures a Perfect estimation winning methodologies and approaches for project... And deliverable for the whole project looks realistic estimates with uncanny precision, but theres still room for human.... Put, effort estimation in the project, its not just theoretical ; its a simple but!
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